# Difference Between Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living Author: Nex Virox Team (Editorial Team) Reviewed by: Varshal Nirbhavane Published: 2026-09-05 Last updated: 2026-09-05 Canonical: https://nexvirox.com/difference-between/difference-between-skilled-nursing-and-assisted-living/ **Quick answer:** The main difference between Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living is that skilled nursing provides 24/7 medical care from licensed professionals, while assisted living offers help with daily tasks but not intensive medical treatment. Skilled Nursing is short-term, doctor-supervised rehabilitation or long-term complex care, while Assisted Living is residential support for daily activities.

Difference Between Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living: Comparison Table

Aspect	Skilled Nursing	Assisted Living
Definition	Medically intensive, 24/7 licensed nursing care for complex conditions.	Residential setting offering personal care, meals, and daily activity support.
Purpose	Rehabilitate or manage unstable medical conditions requiring daily professional oversight.	Maintain independence for seniors needing help with routine daily tasks.
Core Mechanism	Continuous physician-directed treatment plans executed by registered nurses and therapists.	Non-medical assistance with bathing, dressing, medication reminders, and housekeeping.
Licensing	State and federal certified, often Medicare-certified facilities with strict staffing mandates.	State-regulated residential license, with oversight varying widely by jurisdiction.
Staffing Level	Registered nurses or licensed practical nurses present around the clock every day.	Caregivers typically available 24/7, but licensed medical staff rarely on-site.
Medical Supervision	Physician visits frequently, often weekly or monthly, with daily nursing assessments.	No routine physician oversight; medical care arranged externally as needed.
Care Type	Medicare-covered skilled services like wound care, IV therapy, and physical therapy.	Personal care only, including hygiene, mobility, and meal preparation support.
Typical Stay	Short-term rehab averages around 20 to 30 days post-surgery or illness.	Long-term residency, often measured in years, as a permanent home.
Daily Routine	Structured therapy sessions, medication schedules, and nursing rounds dominate each day.	Flexible schedule with optional activities, meals, and social events for residents.
Medication Management	Nurses administer all medications, including injections and IVs, with full monitoring.	Staff provide reminders or set pill organizers; residents often self-administer medications.
Cost Basis	Private pay, Medicare, or Medicaid; daily rates commonly range from $300 to $1,000.	Private pay or long-term care insurance; monthly fees typically range $3,500 to $7,000.
Medicare Coverage	Medicare Part A covers up to 100 days per benefit period for qualifying rehab.	Medicare does not cover assisted living costs or daily personal care services.
Medicaid Coverage	Medicaid covers long-term skilled nursing stays for eligible low-income seniors.	Medicaid waivers in some states cover assisted living, but availability is limited.
Staff Ratio	Nursing homes often maintain roughly one nurse or aide per 8 to 15 residents.	Caregiver ratios vary widely, often one staff member per 10 to 20 residents.
Rehabilitation	Provides intensive physical, occupational, and speech therapy, often daily sessions.	Limited to light exercise classes; no formal therapy programs are typically offered.
Accommodation	Private or semi-private rooms, often shared bathrooms, with hospital-style beds.	Private apartments or suites with kitchenettes, bathrooms, and personal furnishings.
Meals Provided	Three therapeutic meals daily, often tailored to dietary and medical restrictions.	Restaurant-style dining with multiple meal times, snacks, and menu choices.
Social Activities	Group activities are offered but limited by residents' medical conditions and therapy.	Rich calendar of outings, games, fitness classes, and communal events daily.
Admission Criteria	Requires a physician's order confirming a medical need for skilled care.	Requires an assessment showing need for help with two or more daily activities.
Level of Independence	Residents depend on staff for most mobility, hygiene, and medical needs.	Residents largely direct their own day, with help only for specific tasks.
Chronic Condition Care	Manages unstable diabetes, heart failure, or respiratory disease with daily monitoring.	Supports stable chronic conditions but cannot manage acute or escalating medical issues.
Dementia Support	Dedicated memory care units handle advanced dementia with secured wandering prevention.	Some facilities offer memory care wings, but only for mild to moderate stages.
Safety Measures	Hospital-grade call systems, bed alarms, and constant staff observation throughout.	Emergency call buttons, grab bars, and staff checks, but not constant monitoring.
Family Involvement	Family visits are encouraged but medical decisions rest with the care team.	Families often participate actively in daily life, meals, and care planning.
Typical Resident	Post-surgery patients, stroke survivors, or seniors with serious unstable illnesses.	Older adults who are mobile but need help with chores, meals, or hygiene.
Transition Path	Residents often step down to assisted living or home after rehab completes.	Residents commonly transition to skilled nursing when medical needs escalate.
Environment	Clinical, hospital-like atmosphere prioritizing treatment over homelike comfort.	Apartment-style, homelike setting designed for comfort and community living.
Regulatory Oversight	Subject to federal nursing home regulations, annual surveys, and public inspections.	Governed by state regulations only, with inspection frequency varying by state.
Primary Limitation	Institutional feel, high cost, and limited privacy for long-term residents.	Cannot provide complex medical care, so residents with acute needs must leave.
Best-Fit Scenario	Choose skilled nursing for recovery after surgery, stroke, or serious illness.	Choose assisted living for seniors who need daily help but not medical care.

What Is Skilled Nursing?

Skilled Nursing is a high-level medical care setting. It provides 24/7 licensed nursing and rehabilitation services for people recovering from serious illness, injury, or surgery. It exists to deliver around-the-clock clinical oversight that assisted living cannot offer.

Definition of Skilled Nursing

Skilled Nursing is a Medicare-certified level of care delivered by registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and therapists. It provides daily physician-directed medical treatment, wound care, intravenous therapy, and intensive rehabilitation. This care is ordered by a doctor and requires professional medical training to administer safely.

Key Characteristics of Skilled Nursing

Characteristic	What It Means in Practice
24/7 nursing coverage	A registered or licensed nurse is always on duty to handle medical emergencies at any hour.
Physician oversight	A doctor directs the care plan and must regularly review and update medical orders.
Medicare certification	The facility meets federal health and safety standards required for Medicare reimbursement.
Daily rehabilitation therapy	Physical, occupational, and speech therapists provide intensive sessions six or seven days weekly.
Skilled medical procedures	Staff perform wound debridement, tracheostomy care, and intravenous medication administration on site.
Short-term recovery focus	Many residents stay weeks or months to regain function before returning home.
Long-term custodial option	Some residents with complex chronic conditions live permanently under continuous medical supervision.
Acute medical monitoring	Vital signs, neurological status, and lab results are tracked closely to catch complications early.
Specialised dementia units	Secure wings provide structured care for residents with advanced Alzheimer's or related dementias.
Regulatory inspections	State agencies conduct unannounced annual surveys to verify staffing levels and quality of care.

Common Examples of Skilled Nursing

Genesis HealthCare centers – Operates hundreds of skilled nursing facilities across the United States offering post-hospital rehabilitation.
Kindred Healthcare facilities – Delivers transitional care for medically complex patients who need continued hospital-level monitoring.
HCR ManorCare locations – Provides short-term rehab and long-term skilled nursing with a strong focus on therapy services.
Veterans Affairs nursing homes – Offers skilled nursing care specifically for eligible military veterans through the VA system.
Life Care Centers of America – Runs skilled nursing communities with memory care units and ventilator-dependent resident support.
SavaSeniorCare facilities – Specialises in high-acuity care including respiratory therapy and complex wound management.
Sabra Health Care facilities – Provides skilled nursing with dedicated bariatric and cardiac recovery programs.
Ensign Group skilled nursing – Operates campuses with subacute care units for patients transitioning out of intensive care.
Signature HealthCARE centers – Focuses on short-stay rehab with daily physical and occupational therapy sessions.
National HealthCare Corporation sites – Offers skilled nursing alongside specialised Alzheimer's care in multiple states.

Advantages and Limitations of Skilled Nursing

Advantages	Limitations
Provides genuine 24/7 medical supervision from licensed nurses, not just aides.	Costs are extremely high, often exceeding $10,000 per month without insurance coverage.
Handles complex procedures like IV therapy and feeding tubes that assisted living cannot manage.	Residents sacrifice significant personal privacy, often sharing semi-private rooms with strangers.
Offers intensive daily rehabilitation that speeds recovery after hip fractures or strokes.	The institutional environment feels clinical and rigid, with strict schedules for meals and activities.
Medicare covers the first 100 days of skilled care after a qualifying hospital stay.	Medicare coverage ends abruptly after day 100, leaving residents with massive out-of-pocket bills.
Physicians visit regularly and are immediately reachable when medical conditions change.	Staff-to-resident ratios remain low, so nurses may juggle ten or more residents simultaneously.
Secure dementia units prevent wandering and provide structured behavioural support.	Residents often report feeling isolated from family and community life in the outside world.
On-site pharmacy and lab services reduce delays in medication adjustments.	Quality varies dramatically between facilities, and some fail state inspection standards repeatedly.
Provides palliative and end-of-life care for residents with terminal conditions.	Daily life offers limited autonomy, with little choice over meals, bedtimes, or activities.
Accepts residents with severe mobility issues who need mechanical lifts for transfers.	Hospital readmission rates remain high, with many residents returning to acute care within weeks.
Offers speech therapy for swallowing disorders that cause dangerous aspiration pneumonia.	Medicaid-funded long-term stays often place residents in older, less desirable facilities.

What Is Assisted Living?

Assisted Living is a residential option for older adults who need help with daily tasks but do not require round-the-clock medical care. It provides housing, personal care services, and social activities in a community setting. Assisted Living exists to bridge the gap between independent living and intensive nursing care.

Definition of Assisted Living

Assisted Living is a long-term care residence that offers supervised personal assistance with activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, and medication management, alongside meals and housekeeping. It operates on a social model of care rather than a medical model. Residents typically maintain private apartments while receiving tailored support based on individual needs.

Key Characteristics of Assisted Living

Characteristic	What It Means in Practice
Personal care	Staff help residents with bathing, dressing, grooming, and toileting on a scheduled or on-demand basis.
Medication support	Trained staff organise pill boxes and remind residents to take prescribed medications at correct times daily.
Private living spaces	Residents usually get their own studio or one-bedroom apartment with a lockable door and private bathroom.
Communal dining	Three meals are served daily in a shared dining room with menu choices and dietary accommodations available.
Social programming	Communities offer daily activities like exercise classes, game nights, group outings, and religious services on site.
Housekeeping services	Staff handle laundry, linen changes, and routine cleaning of each resident's apartment on a weekly basis.
24-hour supervision	Staff remain on premises around the clock to respond to emergencies, though they do not provide continuous medical care.
Care plan reviews	Each resident receives a written individualised care plan that staff reassess every three to six months.
Limited nursing	A licensed nurse may visit weekly or be on call, but hands-on medical procedures are generally not performed.
Safety features	Communities include grab bars, emergency call buttons, wide doorways, and secured entrances to prevent wandering.

Common Examples of Assisted Living

Brookdale Senior Living – one of the largest US providers, operating over 600 assisted living communities across 41 states.
Sunrise Senior Living – known for its "Reminiscence" neighbourhoods dedicated to residents living with Alzheimer's and dementia.
Atria Senior Living – offers assisted living and memory care primarily across the Pacific Northwest and Northern California.
Holiday Retirement – manages more than 300 affordable assisted living communities in 25 states with a home-style focus.
Five Star Senior Living – operates roughly 250 communities nationwide with a strong emphasis on wellness and rehabilitation partnerships.
Meridian Senior Living – provides assisted living and memory care across the Midwest and Southeast with a family-run approach.
Ensign Senior Living – operates around 90 communities in 22 states, many in suburban residential settings.
Frontier Management – manages over 100 senior living communities across 15 states, including standalone assisted living campuses.
Life Care Services – oversees more than 130 communities, many of which include assisted living within continuing care retirement campuses.
Belmont Village – operates 30+ communities in the US and Mexico, known for its "Circle of Friends" dementia care programme.

Advantages and Limitations of Assisted Living

Advantages	Limitations
Provides social connection through daily group activities, reducing isolation and loneliness among older residents.	Monthly costs typically range from $3,500 to $6,500, which most private health insurance plans do not cover at all.
Offers personal care assistance that enables residents to maintain dignity and independence longer than living alone.	Staff-to-resident ratios are often low, meaning residents may wait 15-30 minutes for help after pressing a call button.
Includes all meals, housekeeping, and transportation, freeing residents from cooking, cleaning, and driving responsibilities.	Level of care is capped; residents who need skilled nursing, wound care, or IV therapy must move to a nursing home.
Provides medication reminders and organisation, which prevents common errors like missed doses or double-dosing.	Most communities charge extra fees for higher care levels, memory care, or specialised diets, inflating the base price.
Features secured buildings and 24-hour staff presence, offering families peace of mind about falls and emergencies.	Residents often share staff with dozens of neighbours, so individual attention is limited and care can feel rushed.
Delivers structured daily routines with set meal times and activities, which benefits seniors with mild cognitive decline.	State regulations vary widely, and some states do not require formal training for assisted living caregivers beyond basic orientation.
Removes home maintenance burdens like lawn care, repairs, and snow removal, which become hazardous for older adults.	Residents typically sign leases that allow eviction with 30 days notice, offering less stability than a owned home.
Creates a built-in community where residents form friendships with peers at similar life stages and share common experiences.	Privacy is reduced; staff enter apartments daily for checks and cleaning, and communal living means less personal space.
Provides transportation to medical appointments, shopping, and social outings, solving the problem of driving cessation.	Quality varies dramatically between communities; state inspection reports reveal frequent citations for medication errors and neglect.
Offers a middle-ground cost between in-home care and nursing homes, often cheaper than 24/7 home health aides.	Residents with progressive conditions like Parkinson's or late-stage dementia eventually outgrow the facility's capabilities.

Similarities Between Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living

Shared Aspect	How Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living Are Alike
Care Purpose	Skilled nursing and assisted living both provide residential care for adults who cannot safely live fully independently.
Housing Model	Skilled nursing and assisted living both offer private or semi-private rooms within a licensed, staffed residential building.
Staff Presence	Skilled nursing and assisted living both employ around-the-clock staff to monitor residents and respond to emergencies.
Meal Provision	Skilled nursing and assisted living both prepare and serve multiple daily meals with dietary accommodations for residents.
Housekeeping	Skilled nursing and assisted living both provide routine housekeeping, laundry services, and general facility maintenance.
Medication Oversight	Skilled nursing and assisted living both manage, store, and administer daily medications for their residents.
Activities Program	Skilled nursing and assisted living both schedule social, recreational, and therapeutic activities for residents.
Transportation Help	Skilled nursing and assisted living both arrange transportation for medical appointments and community outings.
Licensing Need	Skilled nursing and assisted living both require state licensing and must pass periodic regulatory inspections.
Care Plans	Skilled nursing and assisted living both create written individualized care plans for each resident upon admission.
Health Monitoring	Skilled nursing and assisted living both track residents' vital signs, weight, and daily condition changes.
Fall Prevention	Skilled nursing and assisted living both implement grab bars, call buttons, and safety protocols to reduce falls.
Personal Care	Skilled nursing and assisted living both assist residents with bathing, dressing, grooming, and toileting tasks.
Socialization	Skilled nursing and assisted living both reduce isolation by placing residents in a communal living environment.
Family Updates	Skilled nursing and assisted living both communicate regularly with family members about resident status changes.
Admission Screening	Skilled nursing and assisted living both assess prospective residents' health and needs before accepting them.
Staff Training	Skilled nursing and assisted living both train staff in safety, infection control, and resident rights.
Emergency Response	Skilled nursing and assisted living both have emergency call systems and evacuation procedures in place.
Resident Rights	Skilled nursing and assisted living both protect resident dignity, privacy, and autonomy under state regulations.
Chronic Care	Skilled nursing and assisted living both support residents managing chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension.
Mobility Support	Skilled nursing and assisted living both provide walkers, wheelchairs, and staff assistance for residents with limited mobility.
Nutrition Focus	Skilled nursing and assisted living both monitor food intake and offer modified diets for health conditions.
Infection Control	Skilled nursing and assisted living both follow hand hygiene and cleaning protocols to prevent illness spread.
Cost Structure	Skilled nursing and assisted living both charge monthly fees covering room, board, care, and basic services.
Insurance Mix	Skilled nursing and assisted living both accept private pay, long-term care insurance, and some Medicaid options.
Staff Ratios	Skilled nursing and assisted living both maintain minimum caregiver-to-resident staffing ratios per state rules.
Quality Audits	Skilled nursing and assisted living both undergo regular quality-of-care surveys and complaint investigations.
Discharge Planning	Skilled nursing and assisted living both coordinate resident transfers when care needs change or escalate.
Daily Structure	Skilled nursing and assisted living both provide scheduled routines for meals, medication, activities, and rest.
End-of-Life Comfort	Skilled nursing and assisted living both offer palliative support and comfort care for residents in decline.

Skilled Nursing or Assisted Living: Which Should You Choose?

The deciding variable is medical need versus daily support. If a licensed nurse must manage medications, wounds, or therapy daily, choose Skilled Nursing. If you need help bathing and meals but not round-the-clock medical care, choose Assisted Living.

When to Use Skilled Nursing

Choose Skilled Nursing when a doctor orders 24/7 nursing care, after surgery, stroke, or a hospital stay. It fits severe conditions like dementia, bedsores, or IV therapy. Medicare covers short stays here, but costs run $10,000 monthly.

When to Use Assisted Living

Choose Assisted Living when you need help with dressing, cooking, or medication reminders, but remain mobile and stable. It suits early dementia or arthritis. Private pay averages $5,000 monthly, and residents live semi-independently with social activities.

Common Misconceptions About Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living

Common Myth	The Reality
Skilled nursing and assisted living are basically the same level of care.	Skilled nursing provides 24/7 medical care by licensed nurses, while assisted living offers personal care with limited medical services.
Assisted living is just a cheaper version of a nursing home.	Assisted living focuses on housing and daily help, not the intensive medical treatment that defines skilled nursing facilities.
You must move to skilled nursing after any hospital stay.	Skilled nursing is only necessary after serious surgeries or illnesses; many patients recover fully at home or in assisted living.
Medicare pays for long-term stays in both types of facilities.	Medicare covers short skilled nursing rehab stays only; it does not pay for long-term assisted living or custodial care.
Assisted living residents receive daily visits from doctors.	Assisted living does not include routine physician visits; skilled nursing provides ongoing medical oversight and doctor availability.
Skilled nursing is only for elderly people near the end of life.	Skilled nursing serves all ages needing short-term rehab, wound care, IV therapy, or complex medical monitoring after injury.
Assisted living staff can administer all types of medications.	Assisted living staff manage basic pills but cannot perform complex medical tasks like injections or IVs that skilled nursing handles.
Moving to assisted living means losing all your independence completely.	Assisted living encourages independence with private apartments and social activities, unlike the more structured skilled nursing environment.
Skilled nursing facilities are all sterile, hospital-like institutions.	Modern skilled nursing facilities offer homelike dining areas and activities, though medical equipment remains more visible than in assisted living.
Assisted living is always the less expensive option for everyone.	Assisted living costs less for basic care, but skilled nursing may be cheaper if a resident requires extensive daily medical attention.
You need a doctor's prescription to enter assisted living.	Assisted living requires only a needs assessment; skilled nursing typically demands a physician's order and a qualifying medical condition.
Skilled nursing and assisted living have identical staffing requirements.	Skilled nursing mandates licensed nurses around the clock, while assisted living uses aides with fewer formal medical qualifications.
Assisted living residents can receive physical therapy on-site daily.	Assisted living offers limited or outsourced therapy, whereas skilled nursing provides intensive, daily rehabilitative therapy programs.
Once you enter skilled nursing, you can never leave.	Skilled nursing is often temporary rehab; many patients discharge home or transition to assisted living after regaining strength.
Assisted living is covered by health insurance policies.	Health insurance excludes assisted living room and board; skilled nursing is partially covered by Medicare for qualifying short stays.
Skilled nursing provides better meals than assisted living.	Assisted living typically offers restaurant-style dining with choices, while skilled nursing provides medically tailored meals for dietary restrictions.
Assisted living is only for people with dementia or Alzheimer's.	Assisted living serves seniors needing daily help; specialized memory care units exist but are not the sole purpose of assisted living.
Skilled nursing is the same as a hospice facility.	Skilled nursing focuses on recovery and rehabilitation, while hospice provides comfort care for terminal conditions with a different care model.
Assisted living facilities have nurses on duty 24 hours a day.	Assisted living often has aides on call but not licensed nurses round-the-clock; skilled nursing always maintains a nursing staff.
Your family doctor will visit you regularly in assisted living.	Assisted living residents arrange outside physician visits; skilled nursing coordinates on-site medical care and regular doctor oversight.
Skilled nursing is always the right choice after a stroke.	Skilled nursing suits severe stroke recovery needing therapy, but mild strokes may allow assisted living with home health support instead.
Assisted living is a permanent, final living arrangement.	Assisted living residents often move to skilled nursing when medical needs escalate beyond what personal care staff can manage.
Skilled nursing facilities are all the same quality and style.	Skilled nursing facilities vary widely in staffing ratios, therapy offerings, and amenities, so research and visits are essential.
Assisted living provides transportation to all medical appointments.	Assisted living offers scheduled transport but not emergency medical transport; skilled nursing provides care without outside travel needs.
Skilled nursing is only for people who cannot walk at all.	Skilled nursing serves people with various mobility levels, including those needing short-term rehab to regain walking ability after surgery.
Assisted living and skilled nursing have identical state regulations.	Skilled nursing follows stricter federal nursing home regulations, while assisted living is governed by lighter state-specific licensing rules.
You can get skilled nursing care in any assisted living facility.	Assisted living cannot provide skilled nursing services; residents needing daily medical procedures must transfer to a licensed skilled nursing facility.
Assisted living is only for wealthy seniors with high incomes.	Assisted living costs vary widely, and some residents use long-term care insurance or Medicaid waivers to afford basic assisted living.
Skilled nursing means you have no privacy or personal space.	Skilled nursing offers semi-private or private rooms, though shared spaces are common; assisted living provides more apartment-style privacy.
Choosing assisted living means giving up all medical care completely.	Assisted living residents still receive medication management and basic health monitoring, but complex medical care requires skilled nursing.

Conclusion

Difference Between Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living comes down to medical need versus daily support. Choose skilled nursing for 24/7 clinical care and rehabilitation after illness. Choose assisted living for help with daily tasks while maintaining independence. Match the level of care to the person's actual health requirements.

## FAQ ### What is the main difference between skilled nursing and assisted living? Skilled nursing provides 24/7 medical care from licensed nurses and therapists, while assisted living offers personal care and housing with limited medical oversight for residents who are mostly independent. ### Which is better for someone with dementia, skilled nursing or assisted living? Skilled nursing is better for advanced dementia requiring medical monitoring and safety management, whereas assisted living suits early-stage dementia where residents need help with daily tasks but not constant clinical supervision. ### Is skilled nursing more expensive than assisted living? Yes, skilled nursing typically costs significantly more, often double or more, because it includes round-the-clock licensed medical staff, therapy services, and a higher staff-to-resident ratio than assisted living. ### Which is safer for a frail elderly person, skilled nursing or assisted living? Skilled nursing is safer for frail elderly individuals because it offers continuous nursing oversight, immediate emergency response, and structured fall-prevention protocols that assisted living communities cannot guarantee. ### Can a person receive physical therapy in assisted living? Yes, a person can receive outpatient physical therapy in assisted living through visiting therapists, but skilled nursing is required for intensive, daily rehabilitation that needs 24/7 nursing support and medical supervision. ### What is the biggest mistake families make when choosing between skilled nursing and assisted living? The biggest mistake is choosing assisted living for its home-like feel without verifying the resident's actual medical needs, which often leads to a costly, stressful transfer to skilled nursing within months. ### Are skilled nursing and assisted living the same thing? No, skilled nursing is a medical facility providing short-term rehab or long-term complex care, while assisted living is a residential setting for personal care, meals, and social support without continuous medical treatment. ### When should a senior move from assisted living to skilled nursing? A senior should move from assisted living to skilled nursing when they need daily wound care, IV medications, or 24/7 monitoring for unstable conditions that assisted living staff are not licensed to provide. ### Can you switch from assisted living to skilled nursing easily? Yes, you can switch from assisted living to skilled nursing, but you need a physician's order, a nursing assessment, and often a new payment plan, since Medicare covers skilled nursing stays but rarely assisted living costs. ### How do I decide between skilled nursing and assisted living for my parent? Decide by getting a doctor's assessment of your parent's daily medical needs, then choose skilled nursing for active treatment or complex care, and assisted living for custodial help with bathing, dressing, and medication reminders.